Our app is compatible with hundreds of the best PC games and available now. Download our free FPS Monitor via Overwolf to count your frame rates as you play, and test how tweaks to your settings can boost FPS and increase Last Man Sitting performance. The app is the perfect way to track Last Man Sitting FPS drops and stutters. Chinese shipments to Russia, meanwhile, are up by nearly 30. How many FPS will I get on Last Man Sitting? Our FPS Monitor app can tell you exactly how the latest titles perform on your gaming PC, with live frame rate monitoring and detailed post-game insights. China now imports more coal from Russia than it has in the last five years. Last Man Sitting FPS - what frame rate can you expect? We'll help you find the best deal for the right gear to run the game. Filter for Last Man Sitting graphics card comparison and CPU compare. ![]() Looking for an upgrade? Try our easy to use Last Man Sitting set up guides to find the best, cheapest cards. Last Man Sitting will run on PC system with Windows Vista / Windows 7 or newer and upwards. You will need at least 2 GB of free disk space to install Last Man Sitting. To play Last Man Sitting you will need a minimum CPU equivalent to an Intel Core 2 Duo Q6867. Last Man Sitting system requirements state that you will need at least 4 GB of RAM. Furthermore, an NVIDIA GeForce GTX 460 is recommended in order to run Last Man Sitting with the highest settings. ![]() You might have seen some previous post about this and. Playable in single player against AI opponents or local multiplayer with up to four people, Last Man Kicking is a wonderfully weird fusion of office chairs, shotguns and football. Hey So i’ve been working on this game called Last Man Sitting for over 2 years as a side project now. ![]() The cheapest graphics card you can play it on is an AMD Radeon HD 2600 XT. Last Man Kicking is a very silly physics based football game which plays like Rocket League, but with swivel chairs and shotguns instead of acrobatic cars.
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![]() **running a dual Xeon L5640 which wasn’t “supported”:P If it still does the same thing, than try replacing all the double quote characters with a copy/paste of one of the existing quotes from the vmx file’s default entries it took me forever to figure this out but it seems for whatever reason copying and pasting this stuff results in different ascii values that look the same:S(unsure why)…. rwxrwxrwx 1 501 root 341 esxi-uninstall.sh rwxrwxrwx 1 501 root 189 esxi-smctest.sh rwxrwxrwx 1 501 root 336 esxi-install.sh ![]() Sed: /bootbank/boot.cfg: No such file or directory esxi-install.shĬopying unlocker.tgz to /bootbank/unlocker.tgzĮditing /bootbank/boot.cfg to add module unlocker.tgz ![]() Win11_English_圆4.iso esxi-uninstall.sh unlocker.tgz lsīigSur.iso esxi-install.sh esxi-unlocker-301.tgz I am not having any luck getting this to work. Red Rock Deltagraph 5 For Mac 10 Red Rock Deltagraph 5 For Mac Free Download In addition to its data analysis and charting software, Red Rock offers a comprehensive set of software design, engineering and management services. About Red Rock Software Headquartered in Salt Lake City, Red Rock Software is the developer of Red Rock DeltaGraph 5.x for both Mac and Windows. Information on corporate licenses and other purchases may also be found online.įor more information, including a list of specific features and issues addressed in DeltaGraph 5.6, visit. Pricing and Availability Current customers using Red Rock DeltaGraph 5.x may download the free update to version 5.6 online at Red Rock Software's Web site. ![]() Now, when users copy any drawn element from a drawing canvas and paste it back into any DeltaGraph drawing canvas, it remains a DeltaGraph drawn element making it editable in any of DeltaGraph's standard ways. Also improved on DeltaGraph 5.6 for Mac are the copy-paste and drag-drop behaviors. Specific to DeltaGraph 5.6 for Mac, the newest release integrates more efficiently with the Windows version by providing the ability to open a DeltaGraph 5.6 Windows file on the Mac version. In addition to the new charts, DeltaGraph 5.6 for Windows resolved several small issues and added features such as TrueType fonts in EPS exports and the ability to delete non-contiguous row/column selections in data sheets. DeltaGraph 5.6 for Windows received the following chart types to the 'Special Charts' library: Bar-Line Overlay Stacked Bar-Line Overlay Floating Stacked Bar-Line Overlay Stacked Column-Line Overlay Floating Stacked Column-Line Overlay and Volume-High-Low-Close. ![]() 'DeltaGraph is the first full-featured graphing and charting solution to combine a robust data analysis tool set with professional grade publishing features.īy further extending the range of charts and graphs, as well as improving the precision of the application, we stay at the forefront of this market embraced by so many scientific, business and media professionals and enthusiasts.' The DeltaGraph 5.x product line includes DeltaGraph 5.6 for Windows and DeltaGraph 5.6 for Mac.īoth versions are available in either English or Japanese. 'We are pleased to build upon the success of the DeltaGraph 5 series and will continue to offer improvements to the application,' said Craig Hopson, president of Red Rock Software. In addition, Red Rock Software has improved DeltaGraph 5.6 for Mac and DeltaGraph 5.6 for Windows with more than 30 enhancements ranging from improved interoperability between the two versions to more accurate rendering of drawing and TrueType fonts in EPS exports. DeltaGraph 5.6 for Windows introduces seven additional chart types bringing the number of predefined charts and graphs to 89. The new version gains more than 30 enhancements.Ĭompany Adds Seven Additional Charts to DeltaGraph for Windows, Improves the Interoperability of DeltaGraph for Mac and Increases Overall Functionality in Each Version Red Rock Software(R) today announced DeltaGraph 5.6 - the latest update to its award-winning line of data analysis, charting and graphing applications for professional publishing, market, and scientific research. Red Rock Software on Tuesday announced DeltaGraph 5.6, an update to its charting, graphing and data analysis software for Mac OS X and Windows. This update of the company’s award-winning data analysis, charting and graphing software adds new features and improves the application’s performance on Intel Core Duo Apple hardware. ![]() Red Rock Software today announced the immediate availability of Red Rock DeltaGraph® 5.7.4 for Macintosh. Red Rock Software is proud to bring you DeltaGraph 5, the most comprehensive charting application for Mac OS 9 and OS X. Red Rock Deltagraph 5 For Mac Free Download. ![]() Author view: It provides a WYSIWYM(What You See is What You Mean) view for the XML.In this view, the left-most column shows the elements, along with comments and processing instructions, at the root level, and the next column shows attributes of root elements and every unique first child of the root XML element. Grid view: Grid view formats your XML document in a spreadsheet-like style.Text view: Text view is the default view for editing an XML document.Oxygen XML offers mainly three views designed for editing XML documents. Validating against schemas like DTD, W3C XML Schema, RELAX NG, Schematron, NRL, and NVDL schemas.It offers several features for editing XML documents like: Oxygen XML is a cross-platform editor developed in Java. ![]() In this article, you’ll find free, open-source, and premium license XML Editors. XML Editors are the specialized tools for editing your XML files using DTD and different structures like schemas and trees. When you have a large XML file, you need to edit it and perform calculations with it. Since XML is essential in developing applications, most modern frameworks utilize XML for the data feed. XML files are sent to different merchants like Amazon and Google Shopping to synchronize with the platforms. Product feeds are the information about your store’s products, usually in XML format. XML is used in web applications like Shopify when creating a product feed. Many markup languages follow XML’s syntax with their own semantics, for example, HTML. In XML, you can store your data and render the content for different devices. ![]() In this article, we discuss some XML editors that will boost your efficiency with XML. XML is a convenient toolkit for web, e-commerce, and cross-platform portable applications. Brewing with the fruit (which is a favorite of those on keto or low-carb diets) reduces the amount of unfermented sugar and provides body and balance, resulting in a tropical, citrusy IPA that’s just the right amount of hoppy.īrewed with buckwheat, chia and Mediterranean sea salt, this light version of a Northeastern IPA packs a lot of flavor into just 120 calories. Most lo-cal beers cut calories by opting for a lower alcohol content, and while Dogfish Head’s Slightly Mighty certainly does that too, it also is sweetened with monk fruit instead of a ton of malt. Save the extra calories for another hot dog, and check them out below. With that in mind, we’ve rounded up eight lo-cal IPAs worth trying. ![]() As craft breweries (and craft brands owned by macrobreweries) embrace low-calorie IPAs, there’s a growing number of hoppy and hazy beers to choose from that won’t knock you on your ass on an unbearably hot day or render you useless Monday morning. But these days, “light beer” doesn’t mean you need to sacrifice flavor and settle for a Bud Light or some other equally watery macrobrew. When you’re choosing a beer for all of your summertime day-drinking, the first thing that likely comes to mind is whether or not it’s sessionable you want something you can drink a lot of over the course of a picnic or ballgame or day at the beach without getting too wrecked to function at work the next day. Whilst there are a variety of modes (we'll get to those later) the main one here sees you rush into burning buildings to try and save some helpless technology-addicted civilians. After a year's worth of updates, the game has now been released fully on Nintendo Switch, PC, PS4, and Xbox One and we were recently able to sample the Switch version for review. The title has also proven to be a huge splash with audiences online with it amassing more than 500,000 total views on YouTube. ![]() But they are also very good and so far, extremely trustworthy in my opinion.Released into Early Access in May last year, Embr is a firefighting party game that has already scooped up several awards due to its fun and addictive multiplayer action. They are still very young, yes (6 month). Adoption started and a few crypto projects on different blockchains already use Embr Checkout! Embr is definitely a project, everybody in the crypto space should take a look at. And the best: Embr checkout already exists. Thats basically the basic idea of Embr Checkout. People should just enter the amount of token Y to buy, and then buy it with their credit-card directly. People also should not care to swap fiat (USD, etc.) to token X, only to buy token Y. People who want to invest into a crypto project, should not care on which blockchain a token is working on. You can listen to them on multiple sources - Really good designed and intuitive homepage (which will be updated soon) - Embr Checkout Especially Embr Checkout will change and is changing the way, how people can buy crypto. Overall, it is a pleasure how good and clearly they communicate with their investors and how they listen to us! A few - for me - outstanding ideas so far (beside): - Multiple contracts for presale participants which includes "vesting" - Contracts for Embr Staking - TodayAtEmbr: Weekly podcast about Embr. They continuously adapt their focus on what is the best for the company at that specific time. However, I think that's also a very positive point. ![]() Sure, the focus of their ideas and products may vary and change over time a little bit. This was the point, I decided to invest into their vision and into Embr! And I have to say that until now, they delivered what they have said. However, I got in contact with the moderators / team on their social channels and got more and more confident over time and their vision. Also due to the fact, that I normally wait a few months after launch, before I invest into new projects / startups in general. A crypto project with many ideas, which was too good to believe. I’m convinced we ain’t seen nothing yet with these guys, but do your own research, watch a few of their podcasts to get a feel for the project.Īs I have heard first of Embr (JoinEmbr), I was a bit sceptic. App will bring many chains together into one place and eventually all produces together will create a self contained ecosystem for all your web3/defi needs in one place. ![]() No tax on coin transfer so this is a bsc coin you can actually move to hardware wallet without feeling duped on tax. Informative and well hosted community update/crypto knowledge podcasts on Spotify and YouTube each week. All of the embr output that has been utilised has worked pretty much seamlessly from the outset, the only complaint I have being potentially the fact that staking lock lengths currently reset if you add another batch of tokens at a later date at the same stake-length as a previous transaction. Embr also have a partnership with a ramp on/off visa/MasterCard to crypto service called Wyre. ![]() (Free/premium models of this to come depending on the desired functionality). The first being ‘embr checkout’ a website widget for other token creators across all bluechip smart contact enabled blockchains (bsc, matic, ftm, avax, one, tron etc) to easily add a ‘powered by embr’ buy button to their projects homepages. That said I would make sure you know what the build/market strategy behind the project is - functionality first - perfect the utility - market after you have the product. Gotta say, these guys are holding it together and bringing positivity to a difficult space even during overall market headwinds. ![]() Top 7 Ways to Fix Time Sync Failed on Windows 11 Setting your PC to an accurate date and time is vital if you want to avoid any issues while browsing or using apps on Windows 11. How to Fix Dropbox Sync Issues If you often juggle between working offline and online, you must know the importance of the file backup process. Google Drive Won’t Sync on Windows 10? Here Are 10 Ways to Solve It You are using Google Drive to sync files and folders across all your devices, but for some reason, Google Drive won’t sync on Windows 10 computer anymore. How to Fix OneNote Sync Error on Windows and Mac Microsoft OneNote is one of the popular note-taking solutions. ![]() 15 Ways to Fix OneDrive Sync Is Pending or Stuck Error in Windows 10 One of the most common issues with any cloud storage service is broken sync. Top 11 Notion Tips and Tricks to Get Started Notion, a modular productivity app, is gaining rapid popularity and its userbase grew four times. I show a step-by-step guide to set up file syncing on BitTorrent Sync.ĥ Windows Defender Tips and Tricks to Get Started Microsoft renamed Windows Defender to Microsoft Defender with the Windows 10 November 2019 Update. For those, who are finding it difficult to get along with the app, wait for one of the next article. However, if you are particular about security, BitTorrent Sync would be the option to opt for. But again, you might have to compromise on security. When it comes to simplicity and ease of access, I doubt things can get any easier. No Streaming: There is no streaming option on DAEMON Sync, so you will have to download the file from your computer to your phone if that’s where you want to watch it. Of course, the security is minimal here and the app is intended for home use where the initial PIN is the only thing you got for security. So, you can see the photos which are being uploaded from a different phone and then save it to your device. One cool feature about the app is that you can share files in between the phones directly. A separate folder will be created to each phone you sync with the app, making it easier for you to manage files. The folder to which the files are being synced can be changed from the settings. The next thing is to authenticate the PIN you see on the DAEMON Sync server and connect the devices.įor iPhone users, you will only get the option to sync photos and videos, but Android users can also choose selective folders which they want to sync automatically to PC. For some reason, if the server is not found, you can also enter the IP address manually. When you launch the app on the phone, it will automatically search for servers and detect them. DAEMON Sync currently supports Android and iOS but there is no word on a release for Microsoft Windows Phones anytime soon. Having done all that, it’s time to install the app on your smartphones. By any chance, if you see that the server state as Not Ready, try and run the DAEMON Sync again and refresh the page. The Ready state means that the desktop is ready for incoming transfers. On the homepage, you will see the state of the server. The default password to login would be displayed in a browser pop-up window. When it’s launched, it will ask you for a username and password. ![]() We have tested the server on Windows 10 with front-end running on the Chrome browser. After the server is installed, the front-end is launched in a web browser and is therefore similar on all the operating systems. The server is available for Windows, Mac and Linux and that covers pretty much everything. To start, download and install the DAEMON Sync on your computer. Let me show you how easy it is to set up and use the app. So for those who are looking for an easier alternative and also who have never tried automated Wi-Fi syncing, DAEMON Sync might become your new best friend when it comes to file syncing. My reaction after using BitTorrent Sync for 15 mins | Shutterstock. From what I have heard, some users gave up in just 15 to 20 mins after upgrading to version 2.0. A guy like me took around 30 mins to understand how the app works, and I still have a few doubts. The app definitely improved the security modules, but lost its simplicity. ![]() The present research examined factors that influence the extent to which similarity-based affective attraction increases willingness to affiliate (i.e., behavioral attraction) – one potential step toward engaging in affiliative behavior. ![]() However, this affective liking does not always predict affiliative behavior, such as pursuing a friendship. Individuals reliably feel more attracted to those with whom they share similar attitudes. 3Hanover Research, Arlington, VA, United States.2Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Marion, OH, United States.1Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.Wallace 1, Vanessa Sawicki 2, Kathleen M. Los Angeles: SAGE.Aviva Philipp-Muller 1*, Laura E. Applied social psychology: understanding and addressing social and practical problems. Perhaps this particular interest overshadows our various differences in favor of our friendship. goals, preferences, hobbies, etc.), however, we share the love of philosophy (we met in a philosophy class years ago). For instance, one of my best friends is different than me in most ways (e.g. However, individuals are complex and may have both great similarities and differences with another. As we learned, the matching phenomenon states that we tend to be attracted to those similar to us (Gruman, Schneider & Coutts, 2017). While I suppose there are various reasons this could be the case, maybe it has to do with the specific differences–or similarities–in question. Why do you think this is the case some of the time, but not other times? That said, it is true, in my experience, that some friendships between different types of people do last. While there might be an initial excitement, as you mentioned, due to differences, this can fade when the incompatibilities become clear. I think you make a good point regarding how differences can cause friendships to not hold up in time. You can leave a comment, or trackback from your own site. You can follow any comments to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. This entry was posted on Monday, November 18th, 2019 at 5:05 am and is filed under Uncategorized. Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. Partner similarity and relationship satisfaction among couples (Order No. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(3), 592-603. When do opposites attract? interpersonal complementarity versus similarity. I believe friendships and romantic relationships should have a balance between similarities and differences that are compatible so there is a balance.ĭryer, D. ![]() ![]() People who share similar personality types are able to understand and appreciate these traits and characteristics, while differences allow for a new experience (Lurtz, 1999). While similarities are important, differences hold great significance as well. My three closest friends are those who I am able to connect with on a different level compared to others, which strengthens our relationship. I only keep a handful of friends very close to me and noticed that we all share the same type of aspirations, views, and humor. There are many more examples of past friendships and romantic relationships that reached their end quickly, but I want to provide another type of example. This critical difference in personalities eventually resulted in us falling out and forming our own group of friends in which we related to more. My old best friend, on the other hand, is extremely social and loves going out to parties and meeting new people. For example, I am very introverted and enjoy doing things that do not involve a large group of people or having to socialize with people I have never met, for that matter. Looking back on my past friendships, the common factor that led to their downfall was the fact that there was an absence of similarities. This hypothesis has been supported by numerous studies stating that friendships and romantic relationships have a greater success rate when they share common behaviors, characteristics, and/or attitudes (Dryer & Horowitz, 1997). The similarity-attraction hypothesis states that attraction increases between those with similar characteristics and personality traits (Dryer & Horowitz, 1997). This unfortunate reality did not often cross my mind until after I read about how strongly similarities impact the length and security of relationships, romantic or platonic. Why? Well, the lack of common interests, thoughts, and attitudes finally caught up. You begin discovering new ideas, you get to pick their brain, go on adventures you never even thought of, and the list goes on, but at some point, that excitement fades. When you meet someone who is quite different compared to yourself it is pretty exciting. ![]() ![]() They have been criticized for overly broad blocking based on unsubstantiated evidence. The PeerGuardian developers state they have no control over Bluetack's list, and do not promote or link to alternative lists. They would also obtain logs from people who were sent letters for downloading "illegal" software, music and videos and figure out who in the list did not belong and flag the entry just to be safe. With this database the admins of the site (Seraphielx, Moore, Firstaid, Tozanno, DeathAngel, R00ted) would search for names of Anti-P2P companies and set a status code in the entry to make the blocklists that would be downloaded by the blocklist manager for import into PeerGuardian, Protowall, and other applications that would block Anti-P2P traffic from accessing your download. )ī.uk developed an application called the Bluetack Internet Management System (B.I.M.S) that would spider whois servers to create a map of the internet and all of its IP Addresses. ("Bluetack" was the name of the member of the original PeerGuardian team who owned its previous domain and created the "Block List Manager" used to maintain the list. Since at least 2006, the P2P blocklist used by PeerGuardian has been provided by "Bluetack Internet Security Solutions". This format also is used in eMule, in the SafePeer Vuze plugin, ProtoWall, KTorrent, and Transmission. Unfortunately this meant that lists became very large and cost a lot of bandwidth to distribute, heralding the construction of the smaller binary formats. The original format for PeerGuardian version 1.x was a simple plaintext format. The recent adoption of this format made it the least compatible one. This format uses 7z compression for additional size reduction. P2B Version 3 – The newest version of the P2B format, this is currently supported only on the latest version of the Windows version of PeerGuardian 2.It is equivalent to the first version of the P2B format, but instead uses UTF-8 to store names. P2B Version 2 – The most widely used format, this is supported among a number of applications, including eMule and the Linux version of PeerGuardian.Lists are no longer produced in this format. P2B Version 1 – This format was used only in the earliest releases of PeerGuardian 2.The binary formats (known as P2B) were created at the release of the first beta version of PeerGuardian 2, in order to create the smallest possible blocklist. The blacklist is stored in a number of different formats: Support for both Windows Vista and IPv6 were in release candidate phase as of May 2009. As with most other desktop firewall software for Windows, Version 2.0 is installed as a kernel-level filter in Windows 2000 and later, giving the application direct access to the Windows networking stack and improving performance. Speed and resource inefficiencies were fixed by re-designing and re-coding Version 2.0 in C++ to consume less processing power and memory. The installation procedure was also simplified, no longer requiring a system restart and driver installation. Version 2 enabled support for more protocols (TCP, UDP, ICMP, etc.), multiple block lists, and automatic updates. The development of version 2.0 was led by Cory Nelson, and aimed to resolve many of the shortcomings of Version 1. The original version was released for free and the source code was made available under an open source license.ĭue to Version 1.0 only blocking TCP ports then shifted to .uk where Protowall, The blocklist Manager, B.I.M.S and the Hosts Manager were developed.Īfter 7 months of development, in February 2005 Version 2 of PeerGuardian was released as a beta. By December 2003, it had been downloaded 1 million times. The original PeerGuardian (1.0) was programmed in Visual Basic and quickly became popular among P2P users despite blocking only the common TCP protocol and being known for high RAM and CPU usage when connected to P2P networks. ![]() The first public version was released in 2003, at a time when the music industry started to sue individual file sharing users (a change from its previous stance that it would not target consumers with copyright infringement lawsuits). The Windows version of this program has been discontinued in favor of other applications (Phoenix Labs encourage current PeerGuardian users to migrate to PeerBlock which is based on PeerGuardian 2 ).ĭevelopment on PeerGuardian started in late 2002, led by programmer Tim Leonard. The system is also capable of blocking custom ranges, depending upon user preferences. The aim of its use was to block peers on the same torrent download from any visibility of your own peer connection using IP lists. It is capable of blocking incoming and outgoing connections based on IP blacklists. PeerGuardian is a free and open source program developed by Phoenix Labs (software). ![]() Potentially critical non-conventional water sources include flooded mine-pit lakes. ![]() 1996 Nordstrom 2011).Īs surface water resources become more intensely used, and occasionally non-useable, consideration of non-conventional water resources for anthropogenic use has become more prevalent. 2009 McCullough and Lund 2006 Miller et al. 2015 Karanthasis and Johnson 2003 Khan et al. ![]() However, mining-influenced water can be associated with concentrations of potentially toxic elements which may be of concern in areas of use (Doupe' and Lymbery 2005 Gerdol et al. , 2021, and sources of potable water (APUC 2021 VPUC 2020). , 1996McNaughton and Lee 2004), recreational and industrial uses (McCullough and Lund 2006), irrigation of some crops (Annandale et al. 2022) including aquaculture (Axler et al. 2020 Doupe' and Lymbery 2005 Gunson et al. As such, strategies are being developed to identify beneficial mining-influenced water use and reuse opportunities (Apostu et al. Mining activities throughout the world influence water quality even as water shortages become increasingly more common in many locations (Miller 2006 Northey et al. ![]() The article presents the innovative concept of the possibility of using water from quarry lakes in agriculture, based on their quantity and quality and the requirements for the purpose for which they will be used, e.g., for agricultural irrigation. The volume of the water retained in the analysed quarry lakes constitutes an important element of the total balance of water retained in all the reservoirs, ponds, and all Strzelin quarry lakes situated in the catchment of the Oława River, accounting for 10.6% of the total volume of retained water. Water from the analysed quarry lakes met (with some minor limitations) the requirements that enable them to be used for agricultural irrigation. The concentrations of water quality indicators that were recorded for the analysed Strzelin quarry lakes were similar to those observed in natural lakes and uncharged water bodies. The mean concentrations of ions had the following values: nitrates-0.91 mgN-NO3−/L sulphates-176.3 mg SO42−/L chlorides-36.56 mg Cl−/L sodium ions-14.8 mg Na+/L calcium-41.3 mg Ca2+/L magnesium-7.48 mg Mg2+/L manganese-0.1 mg Mn/L and iron-0.01 mg Fe/L. The average values of water quality indicators were as follows: electrical conductivity-0.332 mS × cm−1 sodium adsorption ratio-0.56 total dissolved solids-212.4 mg/L water pH-7.8 BOD5-2.4 mgO2/L. At the same time, the total volume of the retained water amounted to 307.8 thousand m3, which accounts for 10.6% of the retention capacity of water reservoirs situated in the catchment of the Oława River. The average surface area of the analysed quarry lakes was 0.99 ha, the average depth was 6.0 m, and the maximum depth was 14.3 m. The usability of water in quarry lakes for agricultural irrigation was also assessed, based on the FAO Guidelines and the PN-84/C-04635 standard. This paper presents the results of bathymetric measurements of quarry lakes located in inactive granite quarries (Poland, Lower Silesia, County Strzelin), which were used, among other reasons, to determine the surface area, depth, and volume of water retained in the analysed quarry lakes. Recommendations are given for all stages of mine closure planning to prevent pit lake abandonment and to achieve successful pit lake closure with beneficial end uses. Common attributes and reasons that led to successful repurposing of abandoned pit lakes as beneficial end uses are discussed. Many end uses have been realized: passive and active recreation, nature conservation, fishery and aquaculture, drinking and industrial water storage, greenhouse carbon fixation, flood protection and waterway remediation, disposal of mine and other waste, mine water treatment and containment, and education and research. Beneficial end use type and outcome varied depending upon climate and commodity, but equally important were social and political dynamics that manifest as mining company commitments or regulatory requirements. We reviewed published pit lake repurposing case studies of abandoned mine pit lakes. Unfortunately, many pit lakes have continued to be abandoned without repurposing for an end use. These opportunities are widely dependent on water quality, slope stability, and safety issues. However, depending upon certain characteristics of which water quality is key, pit lakes often also present opportunities to provide significant regional benefit and address residual closure risks of both their own and overall project closure and even offset the environmental costs of mining by creating new end uses. Pit lakes can represent significant liabilities at mine closure. |
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